Every time we go back a generation, we double the number of ancestors that we can add to our family tree, except when we come across an illegitimate child. As the base born child was baptised with the mother’s surname, it is normally very difficult to find out the name of the father. Where would you start looking?
Some apprenticeships were organised by the overseers of the poor in a parish in order to enable a poor child to provide for himself and his family in future years. These documents may be found in the parish chest and can often give a little more information than expected.
For example, an apprentice indenture, dated 12th January 1772, found in the Down Hatherley records, relates to young William Gibbs and informs us that William was the son of the late John Gibbs who was a labourer from the hamlet of Wotton, and that his mother was Dorothy who was then married to John Finch of Wotton, also a labourer. William was being apprenticed to John Blanch who was a cordwainer in Down Hatherley.
Many years later, on 28th February 1801, William Gibbs was declaring to the overseers that George Piff of Down Hatherley had his apprenticeship indenture. No reason was given for why he did not have it himself.
A week later, William Gibbs was examined by the authorities – presumably he had become dependent on the parish for some reason. In his examination on 4th March 1801, he declared that he had been born in the hamlet of Wotton in the parish of St Mary de Lode and, about 27 years before, had been apprenticed to John Blanch of Down Hatherley, cordwainer, with whom he had served 5 years. This qualified William for settlement in Down Hatherley and therefore to support from the parish.
On 6th March 1801, the overseers of Down Hatherley were ordered to pay William Gibbs the vast sum of 3 shillings per week.
Early tradesmen and women were organised into guilds. Today, there are over 100 guilds, each with its own crest and associated patron saint, a list of which can be found online. Some archives exist, consisting of information on apprentices, freemen, minutes of meetings and requests for help from petitioners. However, there is no central repository of their records; most are based in London at their guild headquarters. Some information, particularly on apprentices and freemen may be found locally. For Gloucestershire, we have two good books which contain transcripts on apprentices between 1595 and 1834 and their masters and one which lists freemen from 1641 to 1838. These records don’t necessarily relate to a Gloucestershire person – either the apprentice, the master or even the freeman could be from another county. An example of an entry in the Apprentices book is:
Ref: 1/549 1641 Nov 1
Draper, John son of Thomas, upholsterer, dec’d, of Gloucester to Plomer, Robert & Christian, 8 years, pewterer, 20s.
Check out my chapter on Apprentices and Freemen to find out more about guilds, apprentices, masters and freemen.
There’s more in the parish chest than baptism, marriage and burial registers. Back in the 16th century, each parish was required to purchase a strong oak chest, with three locks and keys, to hold the church silver, the parish registers and other documents necessary for the administration of the parish. This followed on from the Poor Law Act of 1522 which had ordered a similar chest to be bought to hold securely the alms collected for the poor. The three keys were to be given to the bishop, the minister and a religious layman.
If you have finished searching the registers and want to know more about your ancestor’s life in a parish, look at the settlements and removals, the apprenticeship records and the bastardy bonds (We’ve all got some of those!). Check out Chapter 1 in my latest book, Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors, Volume 2.
I recently found a source of information that I hadn’t come across before – maybe because not many seem to exist for Gloucestershire – sexton books. The duties of the sexton varied; usually he was the grave-digger, possibly the bell-ringer and general odd job man associated with a church. He was employed by the church, often for many years, and therefore his appointment, pay, etc., should be included in the parish chest records. He recorded the burials in the churchyard and usually noted the name, date of burial, age of the deceased and a location for the grave. In some cases, there may even be a map of the churchyard.
So far, I have found 8 sexton registers – for Blockley, Cirencester, Minchinhampton, Newnham & Parkend, Painswick, Rodmarton, St Mary de Crypt in Gloucester and Cheltenham Methodist Church.
My book, Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors, lists the 10 pre-1841 censuses which include names as opposed to the merely statistical data that the government of the day required. They are from Arlingham, Aust, Bisley, Great Badminton, Hawkesbury, Horsley, Kemerton, Naunton, Stratton and Stroud.
Today, at Gloucestershire Archives, I discovered an 11th pre-1841 census – this one for Rendcomb. Dated 1831, it mentions 30 inhabited houses, the number of families in each and how many families are involved in agriculture, trade or other occupations.
Two columns identify the number of males and the number of females in each household but of most interest to the family historian are, of course, the names of the heads of each household. The surnames are: Reeve, Cox, Harding, Orchard, Price, Chappel, Hayward, Guise, Jayne, Williams (2), George, Trotman, Preston, Potter, Munday, Golding, Neal, Crump, Gegg, Barradine, Painter, White, Tayler, Griffin, Line, Newman and Burrows. Two properties did not have a head of household but were just called Barn Field and Marsden Farm but both had residents.
So – having found an 11th early census, I am wondering if there are more out there for the county – can anyone tell me of others?
I came across a very sad entry in the Coroner’s Records today. Dated 4th February 1904, it stated:
At Whaddon, on George Leonard Salt, aged 1 year and 8 months, son of George Henry Salt of The Brickyard, Whaddon, ridge tile maker, died on the 2nd day of February from phosphorus poisoning (secondary cause convulsions) caused by sucking England’s Glory matches.
Jury 12/-, Room 2/6d, Med. Wit. £2-0-0d, Wit. 2/-.
Gloucestershire Archives Reference: CO3/2/3
England’s Glory matches were made in Gloucester by S.J. Moreland and Sons. The story reminds me of my school history lessons when we were taught about ‘phossy jaw’ and the strike of the London Match Girls in 1888.
You can find out more about Gloucestershire Coroners’ Records from my book Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors, Volume 1. You can only purchase it through me or the GFHS Family History Centre. You can order online now, at:
www.hidden-heritage.co.uk/books/discover-gloucestershire-ancestors/
My latest book, Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors, Volume 1, is now available for purchase
Details of how to order can be found on my website at:
www.hidden-heritage.co.uk/books/discover-gloucestershire-ancestors/
My book is NOT available from any of the online book stores such as Amazon, The Book Depository, etc., despite the adverts you may find there.
Order your copy now!
Due to the rocketing number of scams from people trying to part you from your money, I have been asked by the heir hunters, Fraser and Fraser, to point out to those of you seeking ancestors and living relatives that the company do NOT contact people by email and that, if contacted in that way, you should not part with any money up front. Most genealogists are wise enough to spot the scam but you can never be too careful.
After more than two years, my book, Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors has finally gone to the printers! At least, Volume One has. There turned out to be far too much to go in one book so I have split it into two – and begin to wonder if there might even be a third volume. I have thoroughly enjoyed the research process and learnt a lot about layout and design during this, my first, self-publishing experience.
The book fills a gap in the family history market because there is no other book in print today that refers specifically to Gloucestershire and the records you can find in our beautiful county. Although necessarily the book includes mostly documents to be found at Gloucestershire Archives, it covers other sources as well.
To help the beginner get started with their family history research, the book covers basic chapters on civil registration and the censuses. Did you know there were ten Gloucestershire parishes for which a pre-1841 census with names exists? Maybe your parish of origin is one of them?
The book then leads the reader through chapters on parish registers and nonconformist records before looking in more detail at records relating to births, marriages and deaths, such as adoption, illegitimacy, irregular marriages, divorce, monumental inscriptions, suicide, etc..
Finally, this volume covers the justice system, looking at petty sessions, quarter sessions and the assizes followed by the given punishments, the inevitable incarceration in gaols and houses of correction or transportation ‘to foreign parts’.
The book, Discover Gloucestershire Ancestors, ISBN: 978-0-9571440-0-2, will be available from 1st March 2012, price £14.99 plus p&p. Check out the details on my website at:
www.hidden-heritage.co.uk/books/discover-gloucestershire-ancestors